Pronunciation Basics
This page provides the basic information for correct pronunciation of spoken Mandarin. You might want to refer back to it often as you proceed through the lessons.
Pinyin
Designed in the People's Republic of China during the mid-1950s, pinyin is a phonetic system of the Chinese language. It adopts the roman alphabet to represent phonetic sounds in Mandarin Chinese. There have been many different systems of transcription used for learning Chinese pronunciation. Whereas China's capital was once called "Peking" in English, using pinyin it is now written "Beijing"
Tones
In Chinese the variation of a syllable's pitch may distinguish meaning. There are four tones, indicated respectively by the tone marks 
, 
, 
and 
.
| Tone | Tone mark | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| First Tone | |
high, level pitch | Ìß = kick |
| Second Tone | |
starting high and rising | Ìá = lift |
| Third Tone | |
falling first, then rising | Ìå = body |
| Fourth Tone | |
starting high and falling | Ìæ = replace |
The first tone is high in pitch and even.
The second tone is the rising tone, starting from a high pitch and rising briefly.
The third tone is a falling rising tone.
The fourth tone is a falling tone, starting high and descending briefly.
There is also a neutral tone. It is short and unaccented. Its pitch relies on a natural extension of the preceding tone. It is conveyed by the absence of a sign.
When one low tone follows another, the first one becomes a rising tone.
Having a good pronunciation depends greatly on getting the tones right. Of all the difficulties found in learning Chinese, the problem of tones is undoubtedly the most difficult.
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